Transformer protection with oil regeneration system
The
increasing demand for electricity has taken a toll on transformers which are
burdened with stress and overheating and result in breakdowns. The significance
of maintaining the transformer
insulating oil in good
condition and mitigating oil
deterioration has been widely acknowledged
in the industry.
Ageing
of transformers have received increased focus in the recent past, owing to
their relation with oil deterioration and oil
regeneration system of transformer
insulating oil.
When
oil and paper, the two main players of insulation, age, they produce acids and
moisture. Such by products must be identified and removed so that ageing is
controlled and longevity is enhanced.
Besides,
measuring these byproducts reveal intensity of the ageing process. Acidity and
humidity of the paper enlightens about the ageing that the cellulose insulation
went through.
The
physical, chemical and functional attributes of transformer
insulating oil receives a
beating when the oil is subjected to high temperatures, oxidation and contact
with moisture. Such oil
deterioration is however
treated with oil
regeneration system which not only
protects the oil, but also restores the original quality and makes it as good
as new.
Oil
purification and oil regeneration restores quality in transformer
insulating oil. While the former is
done in earlier stages of oil
deterioration, the latter is
complex and not only removes impurities but also solves impurities like sludge
and acids. Thus lifespan of the transformer
insulating oil is extended.
When
put through high voltages, water drops occur in the oil and such moisture
content affects the dielectric strength of the transformer
insulating oil and goes through
arcing which increases carbon formation. In such oil deterioration, the insulating fluid becomes corrosive and
damages the metal parts of the equipment.
Moisture
is an important cause of oil
deterioration. The moisture is
either small droplets (emulsion) or settled as water in the bottom (demulsified
water). The water settled in the bottom is removed by employing centrifugal
treatment which also requires vacuum dehydration.
When
the dissolved water gets accumulated in the paper insulation, the insulating
properties are severely affected. Removing water content from the paper is a
tedious process which involves drying out with heat and vacuum.
The
moisture also speeds up the degradation of the cellulose material and
accentuates oxidation. The chemical reactions result in polarization of oil
molecules and end up as sludge formation.
Oxidation
must be averted as much possible because oxygen reacts with inner parts of the
transformer. The gaskets and seals of the apparatus need regular maintenance.
Single
use Fullers Earth regeneration and multiple use reactivation regeneration are
two methods employed to combat oil
deterioration.
The transformer
insulating oil is strained,
heated and filtered before it goes through series of columns which comprise the
regeneration system. Oil purification involves dehydration and degasification
and the quality of the transformer
insulating oil thus reaches an
eligible and as good as new status.
On
a concluding note, regeneration system of transformer
insulating oil and
minimizing oil
deterioration cannot be
afforded to be taken in a lighter note. Besides maintenance of transformer
insulating oil avoids repairs
and adds to the profit accounts.
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